tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-65865806616717405282024-03-19T01:14:31.019-07:00Electrical Engineersone click DOWNLOAD E Books , Tutorials , Circuits and alot moreEngr. Usman Umarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06990822432523786308noreply@blogger.comBlogger7125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6586580661671740528.post-86298380504642826552011-04-09T23:18:00.000-07:002011-04-09T23:18:23.729-07:00Floating-point MCU operates at up to 210 °C<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="NodeBody" style="color: #38761d;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM7rSM9GQ-uWOdpchranU-oTG62ANpwydJoUBmzf6iymm7Rj2AQ-ozQUFmkLUd7QhxSXkp3S6jT4PWY-wCOl9nDSIYTmUBLScP-d1JXSctDKz0TElkIWd-mXJsmptMN1k7D0Rlxfe4IUdF/s1600/110309113422.HT-delfino_cropped-106-0-0-0-0.resized.200x0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="357" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM7rSM9GQ-uWOdpchranU-oTG62ANpwydJoUBmzf6iymm7Rj2AQ-ozQUFmkLUd7QhxSXkp3S6jT4PWY-wCOl9nDSIYTmUBLScP-d1JXSctDKz0TElkIWd-mXJsmptMN1k7D0Rlxfe4IUdF/s400/110309113422.HT-delfino_cropped-106-0-0-0-0.resized.200x0.jpg" width="400" /></a></b></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b>Texas Instruments has launched a floating-point microcontroller (MCU) for operation under extreme temperature conditions from -55 °C to 210 °C, which it says is an industry first and exceeds the traditional 150 °C limit for high-temperature semiconductors devices.</b></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><br />
</div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b>The SM320F28335-HT Delfino 32-bit MCU is targeted at high-reliability, high-performance, real-time measurement and control applications in harsh or hot environments, such as well drilling, commercial jet engines, motor control, military applications, and medical instruments and surgical tools requiring sterilization.<br />
</b></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b>The MCU features an integrated 32-bit floating-point unit with 100 MHz CPU speed to provide six times higher performance for real-time measurement and control than existing high-temperature solutions. Other features include 512 KB of embedded flash memory and 68 KB internal RAM, integrated control-oriented peripherals for high precision, six high-resolution PWM outputs at 150 ps, and a high-speed 16-channel 12-bit ADC.</b></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b><br />
The MCU is based on TI’s TMS320C2000™ MCU platform, which combines control peripherals and embedded flash memory with a 32-bit floating-point architecture. A specified temperature range up to 210 °C eliminates the need for expensive up-screening and qualification tests of industrial grade MCUs, reducing design time for applications operating in harsh environments and cutting development time by up to one year. Packaging options such as a 181-pin ceramic PGA and Known Good Die (KGD) provide minimal form factors for space-constrained applications.<br />
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The TMS320F28335 Experimenter Kit, based on the commercial grade, code-compatible version of the F28335 Delfino MCU, is also immediately. The kit is priced at US$99.<br />
</b></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b>Image: Texas Instruments</b></div></div></div>Engr. Usman Umarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06990822432523786308noreply@blogger.com17tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6586580661671740528.post-19509017418762688412011-03-15T00:23:00.000-07:002011-03-15T00:23:00.865-07:00New upload<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Hydroelectric Power Generation notes </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #274e13; color: red;">(</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #38761d;">publication by electroogle.blogspot.com).pdf </span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #38761d;"> </span></span> <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?fbekarorcsbzzk2"><b>DOWNLOAD</b></a></div>Engr. Usman Umarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06990822432523786308noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6586580661671740528.post-39839874311561835852011-03-03T02:44:00.001-08:002011-03-03T10:40:00.476-08:00Electrical(power) book is uploaded to E-books<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">HydroElectric Power generation book <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?5opjroo6reasu63">DOWNLOAD</a></div>Engr. Usman Umarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06990822432523786308noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6586580661671740528.post-81840638647083892412011-02-26T12:31:00.000-08:002011-02-26T12:33:19.920-08:00ZENER DIODE TESTER CIRCUIT<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZoQEhGUS6MDuV4Ens1IhUFRtJ-5rRrN_BoG-IP7Jo998SQerdJLfCuF30rC8UtB2Z43lKJZF14GmU-BqScDysofukIoZ3Dd_RFKDwfdeJGFgsBmh2vG29J-d5kMK0Ho9METv93MvZx0mt/s1600/zener-d-tester.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZoQEhGUS6MDuV4Ens1IhUFRtJ-5rRrN_BoG-IP7Jo998SQerdJLfCuF30rC8UtB2Z43lKJZF14GmU-BqScDysofukIoZ3Dd_RFKDwfdeJGFgsBmh2vG29J-d5kMK0Ho9METv93MvZx0mt/s400/zener-d-tester.gif" width="400" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 6px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 6px; font-family: Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"><b>Using a single 555 Timer IC and a small transformer to generate a high voltage, this circuit will test zener diodes of voltage ratings up to 50VDC. The 555 timer is used in the astable mode, the output at pin3 drives a small audio transformer such as the LT700. This has a primary impedance of 1K and a secondary impedance of 8 ohms. Used in reverse the unloaded ac voltage is around 120volts ac. This is rectified by the 1N4004 diode and smoothed by the 2.2u capacitor which MUST be rated at 150 VDC. The zener under test is measured with a multimeter set to DC volts as shown. The load current switch enables the zener to be tested at 1 or 2mA DC. The rectified DC load, but a good zener should maintain the reading on the volt meter.</b></span></span></div>Engr. Usman Umarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06990822432523786308noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6586580661671740528.post-9639392613674219262011-01-09T10:51:00.000-08:002011-02-26T12:44:04.618-08:00ESA, university researching self-steering analog flat antenna<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: orange;"></span></b></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnGUQXRp6PXF_hmAlDvNJm5FiQt0CfPX5UjKuq0ptIUrnWOy5LXi5MOheuFdWcxd-P2SFN_o4xjEB_FQUOa2QZwcCTD-5Z4VJJitxv7HGIfHlKMFBdgwFZOnL9BaJhTaoHJB4oHVca36Nc/s1600/110203092546.110131073137_cropped-84-0-0-0-0.resized.200x0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnGUQXRp6PXF_hmAlDvNJm5FiQt0CfPX5UjKuq0ptIUrnWOy5LXi5MOheuFdWcxd-P2SFN_o4xjEB_FQUOa2QZwcCTD-5Z4VJJitxv7HGIfHlKMFBdgwFZOnL9BaJhTaoHJB4oHVca36Nc/s1600/110203092546.110131073137_cropped-84-0-0-0-0.resized.200x0.jpg" /></a></b></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><b>Bulky satellite dishes and ground terminals could become a thing of the past thanks to research currently being conducted for the European Space Agency (ESA) by the Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology (ECIT) at Queen's University Belfast's Institute of Electronics, aimed at developing discrete self-steering flat antennas. They hope to develop a one-size-fits-all solution that could be optimised for a variety of applications presently used to deliver satellite broadband and television service to travellers and to users in broadband 'not spots'.</b></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><b>ECIT is currently working on an 18 month ESA project with the aim of developing a completely self-contained, solid-state, self-steering antenna that is much lighter and less power hungry than current alternatives. The team, led by Professor Vincent Fusco, plan to complete work on a 1.6-GHz demonstrator – capable of transferring data at 0.5 Mbit/s – with a power consumption of just 2 watts. They anticipate that the device will ultimately be able to operate at 20–30 GHz in order to provide much greater bandwidth.</b></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><b>The device currently being developed is a 4x5-element planar array measuring 30 by 40 cm with a depth of just 12 mm. Uniquely, the circuits are entirely analogue and incorporate specially adapted phase-locked loop circuits. By contrast, conventional approaches convert incoming signals to digital, process them electronically, and then convert them back to analogue. This limits their frequency range and increases their complexity, cost and power demand</b></span></div></div>Engr. Usman Umarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06990822432523786308noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6586580661671740528.post-30187455053480363572010-12-17T00:43:00.000-08:002010-12-17T00:45:38.482-08:00Google's Body Browser is a Google Earth for Human Physiology<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ5FLrS8qMVjWu0iljJgyNL7JedqRECPCh76jTGMosmEtjm20M5LNJrmxj7z8tju5Wpl5i3JxjBc4t2xx8PvFEmmPUC48E8rcCMlaPNL8iVTMEY27aA7YxLnOJuhUbtPBZuDc2lMw1S88Q/s1600/google-body-browser.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ5FLrS8qMVjWu0iljJgyNL7JedqRECPCh76jTGMosmEtjm20M5LNJrmxj7z8tju5Wpl5i3JxjBc4t2xx8PvFEmmPUC48E8rcCMlaPNL8iVTMEY27aA7YxLnOJuhUbtPBZuDc2lMw1S88Q/s640/google-body-browser.png" width="569" /></span></b></a></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Google has mapped just about every traffic artery you could ever want to locate on Google Maps, but what if the thruway you’re looking for isn’t on any road atlas? To help you tell your axillary artery from your common carotid, Google has created a <a href="http://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2010/12/google-body-browser.html" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">G-Maps-like search-able guide</a> for the human body that lets you zoom, scroll, and search for every muscle, gland, nerve, bone, or organ in our common physiology.</span></b></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">As far as handy Web apps go, Body Browser is pretty neat; a sliding scroll bar allows you to peel away layers of the body, starting at the skin and moving down through the muscles and bone/organs to the cardiovascular and nervous systems. It allows you to zoom in tight (with nice resolution) to get the name of a specific bodily bit. Clicking on anything produces a handy label that identifies what you’re looking at.</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmYuoTtts1AMcmznMdRIm4CLUHYFXElAkSNdjRUPgB1o1qRD9rdh6oyU1FFcX_zIQFG4RKTWUE0FSZ9aospkVJYg101KKohDNsCPZPxab7mzH6Aatz8QffjBLGp96rl-Vmgz2V0suQ_XcL/s1600/google-body-browser-2.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><img border="0" height="305" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmYuoTtts1AMcmznMdRIm4CLUHYFXElAkSNdjRUPgB1o1qRD9rdh6oyU1FFcX_zIQFG4RKTWUE0FSZ9aospkVJYg101KKohDNsCPZPxab7mzH6Aatz8QffjBLGp96rl-Vmgz2V0suQ_XcL/s320/google-body-browser-2.png" width="320" /></span></b></a></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Then there’s the search function of course, which allows you to locate any part of the body by just typing in the name. Like your usual Google search, the drop down is self-populating, so even if you’re not quite up to speed on the spelling of “anterior cruciate ligament,” the app will still help you find it. Perhaps best of all: no plug-ins. No Flash, no Java. The application runs right in any WebGL supported browser. It can still be a little cumbersome – if you’re not zoomed to exactly the right level in some cases (navigating the brain is a good example) it won’t always let you click on the right object – but overall it’s a pretty smooth experience.</span></b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><br />
</span></b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Of course, not every browser is WebGL-enabled, but Chrome 9 Beta and Firefox 4 beta are, and both are available for download. Body Browser hasn’t landed in Google Labs just yet, but you can take it for a spin around your insides now through the <a href="http://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2010/12/google-body-browser.html" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Google Operating System blog</a>. Barring that, you can get a somewhat rough tour via the video below</span></b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"><br />
</span></b></div><div><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nMNozadRUMg"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nMNozadRUMg</span></b></a></div>Engr. Usman Umarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06990822432523786308noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6586580661671740528.post-10609762335038045022010-11-25T08:57:00.000-08:002011-02-15T01:32:04.817-08:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #ffd966;"><i><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #6aa84f;"><br />
</span></u></i></span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div><h1 class="title article-title" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 32px; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.popsci.com/cars/article/2010-11/new-technology-uses-auto-engine-exhaust-generate-electricity" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 32px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #ffd966;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #6aa84f;">New Onboard Converter Technology Harvests Auto Engine Exhaust to Generate Electricity</span></span></span></a></h1><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitX6TKl2aCFt6wjqZnx3OuF3eMEHv9ooyDi9wPxXopM1oJ1_XYSFKnJ4pDlSATn_G_P_MsFXFsuoFDoeMkM2Jra7_LCsYPgdRujPVMMAdJhEtT6qgaUbQKEqE-jwvF0jRMuYSpURzO4n5p/s1600/xu-tegs.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitX6TKl2aCFt6wjqZnx3OuF3eMEHv9ooyDi9wPxXopM1oJ1_XYSFKnJ4pDlSATn_G_P_MsFXFsuoFDoeMkM2Jra7_LCsYPgdRujPVMMAdJhEtT6qgaUbQKEqE-jwvF0jRMuYSpURzO4n5p/s320/xu-tegs.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 15px;"><span class="img-title" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Thermoelectric Generators</span><span class="img-summary" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Future cars may <a href="http://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/research/2010/101123XuTEG.html" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">eat their own exhaust</a>, converting heat from their emissions into electricity. The conversion can improve fuel economy by reducing an engine’s workload.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Purdue University researchers are working with General Motors to build thermoelectric generators, which produce an electric current when there is a temperature difference. Starting in January, the team will install an initial prototype behind a car’s catalytic converter, where it will harvest heat from <a href="http://www.popsci.com/cars/article/2010-08/plant-enzyme-converts-co-propane-opening-doors-exhaust-powered-cars" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">exhaust gases</a> that can reach 1,300 degrees F. The prototype involves small metal chips a few inches square.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">The process requires special metals that can withstand a huge temperature differential — the side facing the hot gases stays warm, and the other side must stay cool. The difference must be maintained to generate a current, explains Xianfan Xu, a Purdue professor of mechanical engineering who is leading the research.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">One of the group’s biggest challenges is finding a metal that conducts heat poorly, so heat is not transferred from one side of the chip to the other. GM researchers are currently testing something called skutterudite, a mineral made of cobalt, arsenide, nickel, or iron. Rare-earth metals can reduce skutterudite’s thermal conductivity even more, but we all know how problematic rare-earths can be; to solve the problem, researchers are hoping to replace them with “mischmetal” alloys.</span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Thermoelectric technology has applications beyond powering cars — they could also be used to harness waste heat in homes and power plants, and they could power new generations of solar cells, Xu said. The work is being funded with $1.4 million from the National Science Foundation and the Department of Energy.</span></div><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div></div>Engr. Usman Umarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06990822432523786308noreply@blogger.com29